![]() Buljac et al., Automobile aerodynamics influenced by airfoil-shaped rear wing, Int. Norwazan et al., Experimental and numerical analysis of lift and drag force of sedan car spoiler, Appl. Tsai et al., Computational aero-acoustic analysis of a passenger car with a rear spoiler, Appl. Cihan, Numerical drag reduction of a ground vehicle by NACA2415 airfoil structured vortex generator and spoiler, Int. Veluri et al., Preliminary rans simulations and experimental study of a simplified tractor/trailer geometry, AIAA Appl. Sinha, Improving automotive fuel efficiency with deturbulator tape, SAE Technical Paper 58 (2007). Choi, Drag reduction of a three-dimensional car model using passive control device, Proc. Suriyanarayanan, Experimental studies on the effect of leading-edge tubercles on laminar separation bubble, AIAA J., 57(12) (2019) 5197–5207. Sathyabhama, Experimental and numerical study of laminar separation bubble formation on low Reynolds number airfoil with leading-edge tubercles, J. Hwang et al., Reduction of drag in heavy vehicles with two different types of advanced side skirts, J. Lee, Bio-inspired cab-roof fairing of heavy vehicles for enhancing drag reduction and driving stability, Int. Kim et al., Considerable drag reduction and fuel saving of a tractor-trailer using additive aerodynamic devices, J. Salati et al., Wind tunnel experiment on a heavy truck equipped with front-rear trailer device, J. Schito, Heavy truck drag reduction obtained from devices installed on the trailer, SAE Int. McArthur et al., An experimental characterisation of the wake of a detailed heavy vehicle in cross-wind, J. Asrar, Passive drag reduction of square back road vehicles, J. Lee, Wind tunnel tests on drag reduction of heavy vehicles using sinusoidal boat tails, J. Landman et al., Understanding practical limits to heavy truck drag reduction, SAE Int. Kim et al., Salient drag reduction of a heavy vehicle using modified cab-roof fairings, J. Lee, Substantial drag reduction of a tractor-trailer vehicle using gap fairings, J. Mani, Passive flow control on Ahmed body by rear linking tunnels, J. Sovran, Aerodynamics of road vehicles, Annu. Kim, Control of flow over a bluff body, Annu. Laminar separation bubble formation was observed on the surface of roof fairing with the help of surface oil flow visualization. Drag coefficient results indicated that the half NACA 0009 and NACA 0012 airfoil has an almost similar trend at the zero-roof fairing position. While the drag reduction rate of the truck trailer with half airfoil is up to 10 % higher than that of alone truck-trailer at all Reynolds number ranges, drag reduction of the truck trailer with the half airfoil and the roof fairing was exceeded 30 % as compared to the alone truck trailer. Smoke wire and surface oil flow visualization were also performed to elucidate the flow characteristic around the truck-trailer with drag reduction devices. Half airfoils have NACA 0009 and NACA 0012 cross-section and the roof fairing position is changed from −4.5 mm to +4.5 mm. The drag reduction performance of a half airfoil attached to a trailer and the roof fairing at different positions was experimentally investigated in a wind tunnel.
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